Glaucoma refers to a condition where damage to the optic nerve occurs often as a result of elevated intraocular pressure which causes loss of peripheral vision over time. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in patients over the age of 60. It can occur at any age but is more common in older adults due to the slowly progressive nature of the disease.

Glaucoma has no warning signs so must be diagnosed by an eye care professional. The diagnosis of glaucoma covers a host of conditions where the optic nerve sustains damage that is irreversible so identifying and treating early are critical to maintaining vision. If glaucoma is recognized early, vision loss can be slowed or prevented.

The most common form of glaucoma is known as open-angle glaucoma where fluid that is made by the eye drains through an open angle but encounters resistance. The internal eye pressure elevates to the point where damage to the optic nerve occurs. This happens so slowly that the patient may not be aware of it. Some of the other forms of glaucoma include angle-closure glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, and congenital glaucoma.

Treatment of glaucoma generally involves eye drops to lower the pressure. Systemic medications, laser procedures, and surgical interventions are all available to achieve the goal of lowering intraocular pressure.